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五牛图作者是谁画的-韩滉画五牛图的原因

来源：名资汇网 caiji007 2024-01-10 06:35:02

古画界有这样一句话：牛马是最难画的。由于它们都是日常生活中的普通事物，而且它们也是具有自我意识的动物。若不具备深厚的功底，就很难抓住它的神韵，使观众产生共鸣。

所以，《八骏图》就显得十分珍贵，同样能与之匹敌的还有专业画牛五牛图。这位作家是一位职业公务员，他认为绘画只是一种嗜好。但是，在《五牛图》和作者韩滉之间，却有着一个无可奈何的历史故事。

一，韩滉出身名门

韩滉的伯祖父韩大敏，在武则天时代是凤阁舍人。凤阁舍人也是常见的中书舍人，至于为何非要改姓，毕竟武则天是女皇帝。

一天，韩大敏接到一份任务，女皇密诏，赐死梁州都督李行褒，理由李行褒忤逆。李行褒真是忤逆吗？其实不然，李行褒本身属于李唐皇族，武则天就是为了清除隐患。

韩大敏认为李都督无罪，拒绝执行命令。末尾，武则天换了一个人，照样把李行褒弄死，但是不听话的韩大敏也同样被赐死在家里。

再说说韩滉的父亲韩[文]休。唐玄宗时期，韩[章]休是一位宰相，称得[来]上玄宗的魏征。

唐玄宗对他是何等“恐惧”？据史书记载，玄宗稍有疏忽，立刻问左右：“韩宰相知道这件事吗？话刚一落，韩休就把把劝皇帝的谏书送来了，弄得皇帝是愁眉苦脸。

身边人为了逢迎皇帝[自]，说：韩休太烦人了[历]，你受他的折磨，干[史]脆把他贬出京城得了[大]？

玄宗说：“我虽瘦，[全]可国富。没了韩休，[网]我睡不着。”这就是[文]“君瘦国肥”的成语[章]。

就两个正直的先辈而言，韩滉的品行自不待言，不失为一个正人君子。所以作者也相信，他说：“绘画是一种业余爱好，因为与工作相比根本不重要，也没有想到要传授技术”，这类话是出于真诚，并非谦虚客套。

二、韩滉有治世之才

韩滉从玄宗到德宗，四代皇帝。一开始就是小地方官吏，最后当上藩镇节度使、宰相，一生勤勤恳恳，严守纪律。

其高光时刻始于公元[来]771年，那年，他[自]转而担任户部侍郎，[历]并开始接洽天下财政[史]。以前，由于安史之[大]乱等客观原因，各地[全]的税赋各有不同，库[网]房进出货物也各有不[文]同，没有全国性的统[章]一法度，造成国家财[来]政的空虚。

韩滉在执政后，由于本人清廉和勤勉，没有人能掌握这一点。所以，在他的严厉措施下，国家形成了统一的收储管理制度，国家的储蓄才逐步恢复。

制定规则的过程中，[自]因为韩滉用法严厉，[历]因此手下对此颇有怨[史]言。这种处事方式所[大]引起的非议也伴随其[全]一生。

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唐德宗注意到了这位[网]家喻户晓的“财神”[文]，在位不久就把韩滉[章]不从中央调到镇江任[来]职。这可不是贬黜，[自]而是重用韩滉！

由于那时镇江是藩镇[历]镇海军的都城，此地[史]拥15州，皆为江淮[大]富庶之地，是唐代赋[全]税的主要来源之一。[网]皇帝派韩滉去当镇海[文]节使，正是看中了他[章]卓越的理财能力。

来到镇江的韩节度使[来]也不负众望，不久便[自]展现出卓越的行政才[历]能。第一，他到达后[史]，镇江地区的土匪已[大]完全消灭。第二，地[全]区GDP指数上升到[网]一个新高度。

但这要付出代价。

第一，韩路对匪患处[文]理严苛。凡与土匪沾[章]边即行处决，不拘禁[来]。所以刚刚进入行当[自]1个月的小家伙和占[历]山为王的强盗是一种[史]待遇。这明显不符合[大]法律规定。

第二，经济指标以农业发展为主；为保护农业，韩路驱赶了辖区内的屠牛户。宰杀牛的屠户比强盗更惨，因为一旦被发现杀牛，其后果就是斩首示众，还要「乱尸数日」。因而在当时社会上引起了很大的议论。

表面上残酷的手段，却间接地维持着唐朝的走向。在公元783年，关中突然发生泾原军队起义，起义军在长安被攻陷。德宗仓皇逃走，逃往陕西乾县。

曾经反叛的中原地区[全]藩镇节度使李希烈竟[网]然公然称帝，此时叛[文]军已攻下开封，正在[章]围攻宁陵。李希烈也[来]做过一件历史上有名[自]的事情，就是囚禁和[历]杀害颜真卿。

韩滉率领数万军队攻[史]入河南，将宁陵包围[大]。与此同时，与其他[全]几个镇的节度使共同[网]平定了叛乱，可以说[文]这次平叛，韩滉居功[章]甚伟。

经过分析，他认为长安不可久居，洛阳又是中原四大要地。所以他希望朝廷把南方当作陪都，一旦有事情可以南迁避难。

因此，他在石头城内[来]新建了几十座宅子，[自]挖十丈深达百米之多[历]。巨资的建造费用也[史]不是天上掉下来的，[大]而是韩滉将其强加于[全]当地民众。

这种作法是为了做坏[网]事。第一，普通百姓[文]不敢说韩节度，只有[章]胆大妄为。这场被称[来]为“搜脂民膏”的风[自]言很快就传到了皇帝[历]的耳朵。皇帝自然很[史]不高兴，因为赋税太[大]重了。

第二，在平叛中，韩滉表现出了其强大的统筹协调能力。无论政治、军事、财富、一切工作都有条理，在那个乱成一团的藩镇时期，这让皇帝很不放心。

三是石头城的建设，[全]也是最重要的。韩滉[网]这是为朝廷建都城，[文]也有人说是韩节度使[章]准备称帝。说到底，[来]之前有李希烈举荐过[自]帝的例子，皇帝也不[历]能完全信任他的为人[史]，毕竟是个人都会变[大]。

最后，在宰相李泌百口守卫下，皇帝德宗才放下杀心，把韩滉调回长安，任宰相。

三、传世名画《五牛图》

在他当上了宰相之后，还兼盐铁专卖和财政官吏。表面上看起来手握大权，实则明升暗降。其实这对韩滉来说没什么，都是为朝廷效力。对皇帝而言，心有芥蒂，毕竟有不安定因素。而复用韩滉也是迫在眉睫，那时除了他，再没有比这更好的理财专家了。

他深知皇帝的忧患，于是他画了五牛图。此画在历史上的地位自不待言，韩滉便想用此画来表现韩滉五兄弟勤劳、顺从的品行。大多在向皇帝示意。特别是其中头笼金络，装着鼻环的牛，表情无助。实际上作者表达了对权位的不留恋，有退却的意思。

尽管《五牛图》传世之作，但作者韩滉的人生却并非一帆风顺。在混乱时代，这是一个有才能的人。

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