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诸子百家为何能在春秋战国时期百家争鸣-进而影响后世千年? - 全文

来源:名资汇网 caiji007 2023-12-13 04:35:02

春秋战国时期是在我国古代思想流派发展最为兴盛的一个时期,社会生产力也在不断转变,可以说这一时期是在我国古代后来的文化社会经济发展的基础。

在思想层面,春秋战国时期的很多思想乃至影响来到后人数千年,例如孔孟思想。后来的科举制度內容大多数也是以春秋战国时期起源的,四书五经中有许多学术思想全是来源于春秋战国时期的。而春秋战国时期之所以会在战事繁杂的情况下出現“百家争鸣”的局势,实际上与那时候的历史背景拥有密不可分的联系。

政治环境适合学术思想发展完善,诸侯国急缺大量优秀人才

商周末期,被分封的[文]各方诸侯因为周朝统[章]治集团腐烂不堪,周[来]朝皇室大势已去,但[自]是诸侯各国依然害怕[历]去征讨周皇室,只是[史]相继独霸一方创立诸[大]侯国,争相拥兵自重[全],互相施压侵吞别的[网]诸侯国国土,谁都不[文]愿意出头去征讨周皇[章]室。

其缘故之一就是诸侯各国彼此之间在经济军事等层面全是旗鼓相当的,一但有一方去征讨周皇室,就代表这一方有心一统江山变成继周皇室以后的朝代,因此各方诸侯都害怕轻举妄动的,需要长期互相均衡彼此的阵营。

而在这一背景之中,诸侯各国不但在国内大量的招贤纳士扩军备战,还在政治上劝课农桑,发展农业,在优秀人才层面广纳贤才,值得一提的是,各方诸侯为了获得优势,占有主导权,乃至还要国内全力改革创新转型。例如赵国,就是为了在军事上获得主导权,因此在丞相的提议之中效仿胡人打仗的方法,学习胡人骑马射箭,一时之间,赵国的军事力量大大的提升。

正是诸侯各国良性竞争才给了民间稍微有文化知识的士人来弘扬自身独创性的学术思想,推动了这些士人学会思考,让他们具备探索性逻辑思维。

在那时候各诸侯国,政治看法全是不一样的,民间的士人彼此之间的思想认为也是不大一致,这些思想认为不同的流派宗就是这样被各诸侯国争相聘去,有的诸侯国乃至同意要是去国内讲学变成智囊就有机会变成了国相,位高权重稷下。正所谓有伯乐才有骏马,骏马一多,当然伯乐也多。正是在这一政治环境之中,才出現了百家争鸣的局势。

其次就是那时候士大夫这一人群掘起,士大夫持续踏入了政治舞台,各诸侯国内也出現了争名夺利的状况,各方阵营争相招贤纳士贤才相帮,因而才出現了“养士”的风潮。在经济快速发展的环境下,百家思想获得了孵化,士大夫人群有時间和活力来研究学术。

春秋战国时期尽管战事频烦,硝烟弥漫,但是经济形势却获得很大的改善。春秋战国时期的社会经济发展速率是继青铜时代以后的又一里程碑式飞越,因为诸侯各国急需要钱粮和甲丈战车,这一时期铜器发展最为快速,经济也获得了巨大的发展,士大夫人群掘起,也有充足的時间来开展民间讲学去到别的诸侯国游说学术。

春秋战国时期科技发展快速,包含天文学、农学医药学等层面,这些都丰富多彩了大家的认知水准历史资料记述,春秋战国时期,在我国在天文学、医药学、农学等层面的研究都走在世界前例。

鲁国的天文学家曾初[来]次纪录了世界最开始[自]的哈雷彗星,并且那[历]时候诸侯各国都会历[史]法醒面有健全的管理[大]体系,早于西方国家[全]一百六十多年。除此[网]之外,墨家学术也在[文]力学层面有一定水平[章]的研究,得出了杠杆[来]原理,依据《墨经》[自]记述,墨家学术曾对[历]光学和声学做过一些[史]研究而且记述于《墨[大]经》之中。

在医药学层面也是发[全]展快速,民间也因而[网]不断涌现很多医药学[文]大家,例如扁鹊,扁[章]鹊在战国创造发明了[来]望闻问切四诊法,这[自]套中医治疗方法也是[历]早于西方国家几百年[史]。在手工艺品和农学[大]层面,鲁班是典型性[全]的代表,鲁班的加工[网]工艺在春秋战国时期[文]称得上精选。

在春秋战国时期,正是因为科技进步的发展才为思想文化的散播提供了途径,也正因为科技的发展,才推动了生产关系的变化,特别是在是铁制农具的创造发明面世也推动了生产力的发展,那时候的生产关系早已无法融入生产力的发展,因此思想变化变成了历史必然。生产关系和生产力要相符合就务必开展社会变革,而社会变革最先就是以思想开始,进而产生了百家争鸣、百花争艳的思想局势。

皇室垄断的思想语法向社会下一层渗入进而导致了私学风靡

在商周时期,思想文化是由皇室官僚资本主义所垄断的,民间设立私学是不被容许的,因而民间对思想文化并不是很敏感,并且皇室官僚阶层不容许民间探讨政治,因为民间具备卓越才能的人也就少了,官僚阶层全是世袭垄断。

在周朝后期,士族阶层掘起,皇室垄断的思想文化下移社会,因此那时候民间称“天子失官,学在四夷”,这样一来就彻底摆脱了可是所谓的学在官府,思想文化只可以由官衙所垄断,民间不能,因为周皇室衰落,学术思想也就可以在民间风靡。诸侯各国为了获得优势,革除周皇室所谓的皇室垄断,只是器重具备才气的士人,也为思想文化发展提供了机遇。

要是有才气就可以被器重乃至是稳居上位,如同孔子和百里奚这些人一样。春秋战国时期,很多诸侯国可以推行转型做到图强的目的,都基本上是拜了很多民间的千里马为相。齐桓公拜管仲为相,这些全是例子。

思想文化流派相互独立诸侯各国政治单独,为学术自由提供了发展空间

在周皇室衰落以后,诸侯各国割据一方互相推诿,都有自身的政治对策和目的,也有自身的军事实力和政策方针,彼此之间相互独立,也就为思想流派的发展提供了各种各样的机遇,在思想文化上,大家也是相互独立互相影响。

不同的流派全是依据流派的思想方位从不同的社会政治集团的权益来看。每个流派可以著书立说还可以讨论时政等,因此各流派在政治建议上存有不同的看法,各诸侯国也会依据自身需要去采纳各流派的思想看法。

如同孔子,孔子所认为的是为政以德,用社会道德和礼教来整治國家。孔子曾周游卫国和齐国等诸侯国,这些小诸侯国尽管表面上对孔子十分崇敬,而事实上对他的认为并不是很注重。

在春秋战国时期,诸[章]侯各国采纳民间学术[来]流派的思想认为,实[自]际上在今日而言就好[历]像买水果一样,假如[史]思想流派的认为合适[大]诸侯国的政治目的,[全]那麼君主就会拜他为[网]相。如同墨子,墨子[文]的认为为兼爱非攻,[章]在春秋战国时期,墨[来]家的思想认为也是排[自]在前十位的,可是基[历]本上不被诸侯各国所[史]采纳,而到以后的汉[大]代董仲舒时期才被采[全]纳和高度重视。

在周朝,为什么沒有出現百家争鸣的局势,其缘故就是政治度思想开展束缚,民间整体的认同度不足,而在周皇室衰落以后,私学风靡,大家的认知方面也不同过去。由此可见思想文化要发展就务必有政治为其提供环境和机会。

结论:

综上所述,在春秋战国时期之所以出現百家争鸣百花争艳的局势,不外乎这好多个层面,涉及到文化、科技、政治、经济层面,政治层面为其提供环境,经济为其助推,科技为其根据散播的工具,文化为其提供文化传播的途径。

在当代也是这般,思[网]想文化要发展,就务[文]必有这些层面的适用[章]。在春秋战国时期,[来]士人掘起,皇室衰落[自],诸侯各国期盼优秀[历]人才,这些对思想文[史]化发展全是十分有益[大]的。


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