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汉朝公主和亲的意义-古代和亲带来的影响? - 全文

来源:名资汇网 caiji007 2023-08-22 06:35:00

“和亲”政策就是指封建王朝将诸侯王贵女以“和亲公主”的身份嫁给藩属国或地位较低的“番邦”君王的一种政治行为。这类解决民族关系的特殊政策在中国历史上拥有极为重大的影响,促进了古代中国封建国家的民族融合,推动了各民族政治、经济、文化层面的沟通交流和发展。

当然这类政策也存有消沉意义,最先,偌大的中原王朝将国家国家兴亡交给在一个女人的身上是极为耻辱的。次之,“和亲”政策并不是一定产生积极影响,例如汉朝王朝与匈奴中间的和亲不但沒有维护国家稳定,反倒使匈奴的气焰更为猖狂,在匈奴来看这只不过是汉朝软弱的反映。

一、“和亲”政策的类型

(一)根据“和亲”目标归类

从和亲目标上来看主要分成三种,一种是对于敌对的民族,例如汉朝初年与匈奴的“和亲”。当时,匈奴和汉朝处在一种敌对的情况,汉朝期待通过和亲来缓解彼此的敌对状态,维护边疆和平。

另一种是对于友善的民族,例如汉武帝时期与乌孙的“和亲”,主要目的是为了产生政权协同,这次“和亲”以后,匈奴失去乌孙的支持,实力大大削弱。

第三种是用于早已内属的民族,西汉末年,汉元帝将王昭君嫁与南匈奴,这次“和亲”是出于抚慰性质的,主要目的是抚慰南匈奴,彰显汉王朝对南匈奴的友善心态。

(二)根据“和亲”想法归类

根据“和亲”想法来[文]看主要分成两类,分[章]别是推动经济发展提[来]高综合国力和“以夷[自]制夷”。

(1)推动经济发展提高综合国力

当中原王朝实力欠缺[历]时,通常会想尽办法[史]的避免战事,求取边[大]界地区的平静。在这[全]类情况下经常会与少[网]数民族“和亲”,例[文]如汉朝初年的“和亲[章]”便是出于这一目的[来]

当中原王朝实力强劲时,边界地区的少数民族会通过这类方法来获得中原王朝的认同及其支持。例如,唐朝时期西突厥就曾经数次向中原王朝请婚,期待通过和亲这类方法与中原王朝建立优良的关系,学习中原王朝优秀的生产生活方式来推动该国经济发展。

(2)做到“以夷制夷”

中原王朝在统治少数民族时,有很多不利条件,在其中最重要的便是两种文化中间的矛盾,为了避免这类矛盾,中原王朝经常会通过“和亲”政策对少数民族地区开展整治。唐朝时期,就通过“和亲”拉拢了突厥贵族,运用这种贵族在当地的声望开展统治。

“和亲”政策的影响

和亲的效果有成有败。公元前51年,呼韩邪单于依附于汉朝之后,恳求汉朝可以下嫁公主,使两国之间的关系更进一步,因此汉朝将王昭君嫁给呼韩邪单于,自此几十年,汉朝和匈奴一直维持着友善和谐的关系,由此可见此次“和亲”是极为成功的。

汉朝初年,匈奴铁骑[自]持续危害我国边境线[历]一带,不仅给当地的[史]老百姓带来了巨大的[大]痛楚之外,还逐渐威[全]胁到汉朝政权的统治[网]。但是当时刚刚建立[文]的汉朝政权实力还很[章]薄弱,只有通过“和[来]亲”来维护短暂的平[自]静。

在“和亲”以后的7[历]0多年中,汉朝每一[史]年必须向匈奴朝贡美[大]女和黄金,可是却沒[全]有做到预期的效果,[网]获得大量財富的匈奴[文]贵族野心慢慢鼓起,[章]扩大了对汉朝的侵犯[来]。由此可见此次“和[自]亲”是极为失败的。[历]

总而言之,在不一样[史]的历史时期,“和亲[大]”所产生的效果不一[全]样,但总的来讲,“[网]和亲”政策针对彼此[文]而言都是极为有益的[章]

(一)“和亲”政策的政治影响

“和亲”政策是封建[来]王朝为保持政治目的[自]所开展的一项政治活[历]动。不但对两国关系[史]拥有 重大意义,还维护了[大]中原王朝的“大一统[全]”。

唐朝时期曾将衡阳公主嫁给东突厥头领阿史那社尔,自此阿史那社尔在唐朝与别的国家的数次战事中屡立军功,促进了唐朝的统一。西汉时的昭君出塞,不但结束匈奴和汉朝中间多年的敌对和战争,还促进了中原王朝的大一统。

此外,“和亲”政策还推动了少数民族政治制度的发展。比较于中原而言少数民族的政治制度比较比较落后,而“和亲”把中原地区优秀的规章制度送到了边疆,推动了当地的制度发展。据《阙持勤碑》中记述,唐朝时期突厥在官制上旧曾废止了本民族头衔,选用了唐朝头衔,而且当时各少数民族竞相将唐朝皇帝尊为天可汗,推行唐朝的法律制度。

(二)“和亲”政策的经济影响

在“和亲”政策的执[网]行过程中,通常要历[文]经交纳彩礼、朝贡礼[章]品、回礼、开放互市[来]等流程,这种流程的[自]开展必定会推动彼此[历]的经济发展。

对中原王朝影响较大的是开放互市,历年来中原地区的农业、手工业的发展要远远地好于少数民族地区,开放互市有益于中原地区货品的流出,产生貿易出超,推动了中原地区的经济发展,提升了国家财政总收入。另外北方少数民族在赠予礼品时带来的养马技术性和出色马种,进一步提高了中原地区的马匹饲养水准。

对少数民族而言,“[史]和亲公主”在“和亲[大]”的过程中通常会为[全]他们带来优秀的生产[网]工艺,劳动工具和匠[文]人等,这为少数民族[章]的农业、手工业的发[来]展出示了标准。缓解[自]了他们以往单一的捕[历]猎经济,推动当地游[史]牧人经济向居住经济[大]的转换,提升了当地[全]的老百姓生活水平。[网]

(三)“和亲”政策的文化影响

“和亲”政策针对彼[文]此国家的文化发展都[章]拥有 极为重大的影响。“[来]和亲公主”为少数民[自]族地区带去了中原文[历]化,另外少数民族也[史]向中原王朝输入了自[大]身的文化。

从汉朝的许多石刻艺[全]术上我们可以发觉在[网]其中有很多题材遭受[文]了匈奴文化的影响,[章]现如今在陕西兴平县[来]的霍去病目前就拥有[自] 匈奴题材的超大石刻[历]。另外,中原文化对[史]少数民族也拥有 至关重要的影响,唐[大]朝交河公主在嫁入安[全]西以后就在当地传播[网]了中原地区的信仰。[文]

从亲属关系上来看,“和亲公主”的子孙后代既保存了北方游牧民族的特性,又结合了汉人的血统,这大幅度降低了民族隔阂,提高了民族凝聚力。

(四)“和亲”政策对“和亲”公主本人的影响

“和亲”政策给彼此国家带来影响的另外,也影响了这种“和亲公主”的一生,“和亲”政策针对这种“和亲公主”的影响并不相同,这是由于一些“和亲公主”是自愿嫁到少数民族的,而一些“和亲公主”并不是自愿。

一些“和亲公主”变成了彼此友善的特使,例如王昭君在嫁人以后,为当地带去了优秀的农业、手工业技术性,推动了当地的社会经济发展。她的一生都会着眼于为汉朝和匈奴搭建优良的国家关系。

可是一些“和亲公主”并并不是自愿合情合理的,他们在嫁人以后通常郁郁寡欢,例如汉朝远嫁他乡乌孙的和亲公主刘细君。和汉朝对比乌孙是一个比较落后的民族,成长在中原贵族家中的刘细君赶到这儿必定要担负许多艰难和痛楚,这针对一个女人而言并不是一件简单的事儿,在她丈夫人死之后,丈夫的孙子曾经要想娶她为妻,受中原社会道德文化教育的刘细君当然不愿从命,因此便上书给汉朝君王期待可以获得汉朝的支持,可是汉天子却让她“从胡俗”,最终,她只能嫁给丈夫的孙子,老死乌孙。

总结:

“和亲”政策是古代[章]中国的一种独特政治[来]产物,综上所述,这[自]一政策推动了汉民族[历]与少数民族中间的结[史]合,促进了彼此的政[大]治、经济、文化发展[全]


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